Integrand size = 11, antiderivative size = 138 \[ \int \frac {1}{-1+a-b x^3} \, dx=\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{1-a}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt {3} (1-a)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [3]{1-a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 (1-a)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {\log \left ((1-a)^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{1-a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{6 (1-a)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b}} \]
-1/3*ln((1-a)^(1/3)+b^(1/3)*x)/(1-a)^(2/3)/b^(1/3)+1/6*ln((1-a)^(2/3)-(1-a )^(1/3)*b^(1/3)*x+b^(2/3)*x^2)/(1-a)^(2/3)/b^(1/3)+1/3*arctan(1/3*(1-2*b^( 1/3)*x/(1-a)^(1/3))*3^(1/2))/(1-a)^(2/3)/b^(1/3)*3^(1/2)
Time = 0.04 (sec) , antiderivative size = 124, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.90 \[ \int \frac {1}{-1+a-b x^3} \, dx=\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \left (-2 \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {-1+\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{-1+a}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )-2 \log \left (\sqrt [3]{-1+a}+\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{b} x\right )+\log \left ((-1+a)^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{-1+a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+(-1)^{2/3} b^{2/3} x^2\right )\right )}{6 (-1+a)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b}} \]
((-1)^(2/3)*(-2*Sqrt[3]*ArcTan[(-1 + (2*(-1)^(1/3)*b^(1/3)*x)/(-1 + a)^(1/ 3))/Sqrt[3]] - 2*Log[(-1 + a)^(1/3) + (-1)^(1/3)*b^(1/3)*x] + Log[(-1 + a) ^(2/3) - (-1)^(1/3)*(-1 + a)^(1/3)*b^(1/3)*x + (-1)^(2/3)*b^(2/3)*x^2]))/( 6*(-1 + a)^(2/3)*b^(1/3))
Time = 0.31 (sec) , antiderivative size = 135, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.98, number of steps used = 10, number of rules used = 9, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.818, Rules used = {750, 16, 25, 1142, 25, 27, 1082, 217, 1103}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {1}{a-b x^3-1} \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 750 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\int -\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{1-a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x}{b^{2/3} x^2-\sqrt [3]{1-a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+(1-a)^{2/3}}dx}{3 (1-a)^{2/3}}+\frac {\int \frac {1}{-\sqrt [3]{b} x-\sqrt [3]{1-a}}dx}{3 (1-a)^{2/3}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 16 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\int -\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{1-a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x}{b^{2/3} x^2-\sqrt [3]{1-a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+(1-a)^{2/3}}dx}{3 (1-a)^{2/3}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [3]{1-a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 (1-a)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 25 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {\int \frac {2 \sqrt [3]{1-a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x}{b^{2/3} x^2-\sqrt [3]{1-a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+(1-a)^{2/3}}dx}{3 (1-a)^{2/3}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [3]{1-a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 (1-a)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1142 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {\frac {3}{2} \sqrt [3]{1-a} \int \frac {1}{b^{2/3} x^2-\sqrt [3]{1-a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+(1-a)^{2/3}}dx-\frac {\int -\frac {\sqrt [3]{b} \left (\sqrt [3]{1-a}-2 \sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{b^{2/3} x^2-\sqrt [3]{1-a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+(1-a)^{2/3}}dx}{2 \sqrt [3]{b}}}{3 (1-a)^{2/3}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [3]{1-a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 (1-a)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 25 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {\frac {3}{2} \sqrt [3]{1-a} \int \frac {1}{b^{2/3} x^2-\sqrt [3]{1-a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+(1-a)^{2/3}}dx+\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt [3]{b} \left (\sqrt [3]{1-a}-2 \sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{b^{2/3} x^2-\sqrt [3]{1-a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+(1-a)^{2/3}}dx}{2 \sqrt [3]{b}}}{3 (1-a)^{2/3}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [3]{1-a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 (1-a)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 27 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {\frac {3}{2} \sqrt [3]{1-a} \int \frac {1}{b^{2/3} x^2-\sqrt [3]{1-a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+(1-a)^{2/3}}dx+\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {\sqrt [3]{1-a}-2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{b^{2/3} x^2-\sqrt [3]{1-a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+(1-a)^{2/3}}dx}{3 (1-a)^{2/3}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [3]{1-a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 (1-a)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1082 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {\sqrt [3]{1-a}-2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{b^{2/3} x^2-\sqrt [3]{1-a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+(1-a)^{2/3}}dx+\frac {3 \int \frac {1}{-\left (1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{1-a}}\right )^2-3}d\left (1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{1-a}}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{b}}}{3 (1-a)^{2/3}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [3]{1-a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 (1-a)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 217 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {\sqrt [3]{1-a}-2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{b^{2/3} x^2-\sqrt [3]{1-a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+(1-a)^{2/3}}dx-\frac {\sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{1-a}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{b}}}{3 (1-a)^{2/3}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [3]{1-a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 (1-a)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1103 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {-\frac {\sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{1-a}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{b}}-\frac {\log \left (-\sqrt [3]{1-a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+(1-a)^{2/3}+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{2 \sqrt [3]{b}}}{3 (1-a)^{2/3}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [3]{1-a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 (1-a)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}\) |
-1/3*Log[(1 - a)^(1/3) + b^(1/3)*x]/((1 - a)^(2/3)*b^(1/3)) - (-((Sqrt[3]* ArcTan[(1 - (2*b^(1/3)*x)/(1 - a)^(1/3))/Sqrt[3]])/b^(1/3)) - Log[(1 - a)^ (2/3) - (1 - a)^(1/3)*b^(1/3)*x + b^(2/3)*x^2]/(2*b^(1/3)))/(3*(1 - a)^(2/ 3))
3.4.66.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[(c_.)/((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_)), x_Symbol] :> Simp[c*(Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x, x]]/b), x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x]
Int[(a_)*(Fx_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[a Int[Fx, x], x] /; FreeQ[a, x] && !Ma tchQ[Fx, (b_)*(Gx_) /; FreeQ[b, x]]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(-(Rt[-a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2])^( -1))*ArcTan[Rt[-b, 2]*(x/Rt[-a, 2])], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] & & (LtQ[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[1/(3*Rt[a, 3]^2) Int[1/ (Rt[a, 3] + Rt[b, 3]*x), x], x] + Simp[1/(3*Rt[a, 3]^2) Int[(2*Rt[a, 3] - Rt[b, 3]*x)/(Rt[a, 3]^2 - Rt[a, 3]*Rt[b, 3]*x + Rt[b, 3]^2*x^2), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = 1 - 4*S implify[a*(c/b^2)]}, Simp[-2/b Subst[Int[1/(q - x^2), x], x, 1 + 2*c*(x/b )], x] /; RationalQ[q] && (EqQ[q^2, 1] || !RationalQ[b^2 - 4*a*c])] /; Fre eQ[{a, b, c}, x]
Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> S imp[d*(Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x + c*x^2, x]]/b), x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && EqQ[2*c*d - b*e, 0]
Int[((d_.) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> S imp[(2*c*d - b*e)/(2*c) Int[1/(a + b*x + c*x^2), x], x] + Simp[e/(2*c) Int[(b + 2*c*x)/(a + b*x + c*x^2), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x]
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 3.60 (sec) , antiderivative size = 30, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.22
method | result | size |
risch | \(-\frac {\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (b \,\textit {\_Z}^{3}-a +1\right )}{\sum }\frac {\ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}^{2}}}{3 b}\) | \(30\) |
default | \(-\frac {\ln \left (x -\left (\frac {a -1}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{3 b \left (\frac {a -1}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}+\frac {\ln \left (x^{2}+\left (\frac {a -1}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} x +\left (\frac {a -1}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{6 b \left (\frac {a -1}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \left (\frac {2 x}{\left (\frac {a -1}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}+1\right )}{3}\right )}{3 b \left (\frac {a -1}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}\) | \(106\) |
Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 210 vs. \(2 (104) = 208\).
Time = 0.27 (sec) , antiderivative size = 467, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.38 \[ \int \frac {1}{-1+a-b x^3} \, dx=\left [\frac {3 \, \sqrt {\frac {1}{3}} {\left (a - 1\right )} b \sqrt {\frac {\left (-{\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a + 1\right )} b\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}} \log \left (\frac {2 \, {\left (a - 1\right )} b x^{3} + 3 \, \left (-{\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a + 1\right )} b\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} {\left (a - 1\right )} x + a^{2} + 3 \, \sqrt {\frac {1}{3}} {\left (2 \, {\left (a - 1\right )} b x^{2} - \left (-{\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a + 1\right )} b\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} x + \left (-{\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a + 1\right )} b\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} {\left (a - 1\right )}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {\left (-{\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a + 1\right )} b\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}} - 2 \, a + 1}{b x^{3} - a + 1}\right ) + \left (-{\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a + 1\right )} b\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \log \left ({\left (a - 1\right )} b x^{2} + \left (-{\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a + 1\right )} b\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} x - \left (-{\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a + 1\right )} b\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} {\left (a - 1\right )}\right ) - 2 \, \left (-{\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a + 1\right )} b\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \log \left ({\left (a - 1\right )} b x - \left (-{\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a + 1\right )} b\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{6 \, {\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a + 1\right )} b}, \frac {6 \, \sqrt {\frac {1}{3}} {\left (a - 1\right )} b \sqrt {-\frac {\left (-{\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a + 1\right )} b\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {\frac {1}{3}} {\left (2 \, \left (-{\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a + 1\right )} b\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} x - \left (-{\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a + 1\right )} b\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} {\left (a - 1\right )}\right )} \sqrt {-\frac {\left (-{\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a + 1\right )} b\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}}}{a^{2} - 2 \, a + 1}\right ) + \left (-{\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a + 1\right )} b\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \log \left ({\left (a - 1\right )} b x^{2} + \left (-{\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a + 1\right )} b\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} x - \left (-{\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a + 1\right )} b\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} {\left (a - 1\right )}\right ) - 2 \, \left (-{\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a + 1\right )} b\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \log \left ({\left (a - 1\right )} b x - \left (-{\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a + 1\right )} b\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{6 \, {\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a + 1\right )} b}\right ] \]
[1/6*(3*sqrt(1/3)*(a - 1)*b*sqrt((-(a^2 - 2*a + 1)*b)^(1/3)/b)*log((2*(a - 1)*b*x^3 + 3*(-(a^2 - 2*a + 1)*b)^(1/3)*(a - 1)*x + a^2 + 3*sqrt(1/3)*(2* (a - 1)*b*x^2 - (-(a^2 - 2*a + 1)*b)^(2/3)*x + (-(a^2 - 2*a + 1)*b)^(1/3)* (a - 1))*sqrt((-(a^2 - 2*a + 1)*b)^(1/3)/b) - 2*a + 1)/(b*x^3 - a + 1)) + (-(a^2 - 2*a + 1)*b)^(2/3)*log((a - 1)*b*x^2 + (-(a^2 - 2*a + 1)*b)^(2/3)* x - (-(a^2 - 2*a + 1)*b)^(1/3)*(a - 1)) - 2*(-(a^2 - 2*a + 1)*b)^(2/3)*log ((a - 1)*b*x - (-(a^2 - 2*a + 1)*b)^(2/3)))/((a^2 - 2*a + 1)*b), 1/6*(6*sq rt(1/3)*(a - 1)*b*sqrt(-(-(a^2 - 2*a + 1)*b)^(1/3)/b)*arctan(sqrt(1/3)*(2* (-(a^2 - 2*a + 1)*b)^(2/3)*x - (-(a^2 - 2*a + 1)*b)^(1/3)*(a - 1))*sqrt(-( -(a^2 - 2*a + 1)*b)^(1/3)/b)/(a^2 - 2*a + 1)) + (-(a^2 - 2*a + 1)*b)^(2/3) *log((a - 1)*b*x^2 + (-(a^2 - 2*a + 1)*b)^(2/3)*x - (-(a^2 - 2*a + 1)*b)^( 1/3)*(a - 1)) - 2*(-(a^2 - 2*a + 1)*b)^(2/3)*log((a - 1)*b*x - (-(a^2 - 2* a + 1)*b)^(2/3)))/((a^2 - 2*a + 1)*b)]
Time = 0.14 (sec) , antiderivative size = 34, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.25 \[ \int \frac {1}{-1+a-b x^3} \, dx=- \operatorname {RootSum} {\left (t^{3} \cdot \left (27 a^{2} b - 54 a b + 27 b\right ) - 1, \left ( t \mapsto t \log {\left (- 3 t a + 3 t + x \right )} \right )\right )} \]
Exception generated. \[ \int \frac {1}{-1+a-b x^3} \, dx=\text {Exception raised: ValueError} \]
Exception raised: ValueError >> Computation failed since Maxima requested additional constraints; using the 'assume' command before evaluation *may* help (example of legal syntax is 'assume(a-1.0>0)', see `assume?` for mor e details)
Time = 0.29 (sec) , antiderivative size = 138, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00 \[ \int \frac {1}{-1+a-b x^3} \, dx=\frac {{\left (a b^{2} - b^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x + \left (\frac {a - 1}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}}{3 \, \left (\frac {a - 1}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}\right )}{\sqrt {3} a b - \sqrt {3} b} + \frac {{\left (a b^{2} - b^{2}\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} \log \left (x^{2} + x \left (\frac {a - 1}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} + \left (\frac {a - 1}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{6 \, {\left (a b - b\right )}} - \frac {\left (\frac {a - 1}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \log \left ({\left | x - \left (\frac {a - 1}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \right |}\right )}{3 \, {\left (a - 1\right )}} \]
(a*b^2 - b^2)^(1/3)*arctan(1/3*sqrt(3)*(2*x + ((a - 1)/b)^(1/3))/((a - 1)/ b)^(1/3))/(sqrt(3)*a*b - sqrt(3)*b) + 1/6*(a*b^2 - b^2)^(1/3)*log(x^2 + x* ((a - 1)/b)^(1/3) + ((a - 1)/b)^(2/3))/(a*b - b) - 1/3*((a - 1)/b)^(1/3)*l og(abs(x - ((a - 1)/b)^(1/3)))/(a - 1)
Time = 5.81 (sec) , antiderivative size = 165, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.20 \[ \int \frac {1}{-1+a-b x^3} \, dx=\frac {\ln \left (3\,b^2\,x+\frac {9\,a\,b^2-9\,b^2}{3\,{\left (-b\right )}^{1/3}\,{\left (a-1\right )}^{2/3}}\right )}{3\,{\left (-b\right )}^{1/3}\,{\left (a-1\right )}^{2/3}}+\frac {\ln \left (3\,b^2\,x+\frac {\left (9\,a\,b^2-9\,b^2\right )\,\left (-1+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{6\,{\left (-b\right )}^{1/3}\,{\left (a-1\right )}^{2/3}}\right )\,\left (-1+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{6\,{\left (-b\right )}^{1/3}\,{\left (a-1\right )}^{2/3}}-\frac {\ln \left (3\,b^2\,x-\frac {\left (9\,a\,b^2-9\,b^2\right )\,\left (1+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{6\,{\left (-b\right )}^{1/3}\,{\left (a-1\right )}^{2/3}}\right )\,\left (1+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{6\,{\left (-b\right )}^{1/3}\,{\left (a-1\right )}^{2/3}} \]
log(3*b^2*x + (9*a*b^2 - 9*b^2)/(3*(-b)^(1/3)*(a - 1)^(2/3)))/(3*(-b)^(1/3 )*(a - 1)^(2/3)) + (log(3*b^2*x + ((9*a*b^2 - 9*b^2)*(3^(1/2)*1i - 1))/(6* (-b)^(1/3)*(a - 1)^(2/3)))*(3^(1/2)*1i - 1))/(6*(-b)^(1/3)*(a - 1)^(2/3)) - (log(3*b^2*x - ((9*a*b^2 - 9*b^2)*(3^(1/2)*1i + 1))/(6*(-b)^(1/3)*(a - 1 )^(2/3)))*(3^(1/2)*1i + 1))/(6*(-b)^(1/3)*(a - 1)^(2/3))